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Airport runway materials must be highly durable to withstand years of heavy use and aircraft pressure. Before the late 1930s, runways were often grass and less than 2,000 feet long.
But at sea level, a lot of commercial aircraft, like the Boeing 747, require almost 12,000 feet of runway. Higher elevation locations are subject to the length requirements. Simultaneously, advancements in jet engines enabled certain aircraft to perform better during takeoff and ascent.
Runway lengths have been reduced by these improvements, and in certain cases they have been made shorter than in previous iterations. The days of landing planes on grass are largely over, even with shorter runways; the exception being small, light models or those built specifically for the surface.
Here are the best solutions available today for building airport runways, along with a more recent option that might revolutionize the way short-term demands are met.
The Most Common Runway Materials
Builders use asphalt, made from aggregate, sand, and cement, on runways for its flexibility and resistance to cracking. It provides excellent friction, durability, and easy maintenance, making it cost-effective for high-traffic areas.
Builders use concrete, composed of cement, water, and aggregates, for its strength and long lifespan, which can last up to 40 years. Despite its higher upfront cost, concrete proves to be cost-effective over time due to its durability.
Porous Friction Course (PFC) is a newer material that provides superior drainage and skid resistance, enhancing safety in wet conditions. Its open-graded asphalt mix makes it ideal for runways requiring excellent performance and safety.
Polymer-modified bitumen is an advanced material combining asphalt with polymers to increase resistance to rutting and cracking. It offers greater durability and lifespan, making it suitable for runways with heavy traffic, while remaining easy to install and maintain.
For successful runway construction, consider the aircraft type, current restrictions, and construction and maintenance schedules. Additionally, assess new materials for environmental benefits and longer lifespans.