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An iron that is old or frequently exposed to water can rust and change color. The color of the iron will turn reddish or brown as it rusts, and the surface texture will become rough. Even though the iron has been rusted for a long time, it can be punctured or shattered. But what causes iron to rust just because it comes into contact with water? Other variables might speed up the rusting of iron. Corrosion is the process of metals being destroyed or degraded as a result of chemical interaction with other chemicals in the environment that produces undesirable compounds.
Meanwhile, there are many other factors that cause rust, such as salt dissolved in water, unclean metal surfaces, roughness, and carbon content in the steel. People have found many ways to prevent iron and rust. The most common method is to coat iron and steel objects by painting them.
Learn about the rusting of iron and how it happens
Humidity
Water vapor will be abundant in moist air. Because water is a component in corrosion, damp air will cause the metal to rust. Furthermore, water with a high dissolved oxygen level hastens the formation of rust.
Electrolyte
Electrolytes in salt or acid solutions are good media for charge transfer. This charge transfer makes the electrons easily bound by oxygen in the air, thus accelerating the rusting process. Rainwater is usually acidic and seawater contains a lot of salt. Thus, rainwater and seawater are the causes of iron rust.
The uneven surface
Electrochemical Cell
Rust can also occur when there are two metals with different potential in contact with each other in a moist (watery) environment because an electrochemical cell will form. Non-potential metals emit electrons when they are able to reach and oxidize metals with high potential. In low-potential metals, rust is more frequent.